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  • Weekly US Influenza Surveillance Report: Key Updates for Week 2, ending January 11, 2025 | FluView



    Seasonal influenza activity remains elevated across most of the country.

    Summary

    Viruses

    Illness

    All data are preliminary and may change as more reports are received.

    Directional arrows indicate changes between the current week and the previous week. Additional information on the arrows can be found at the bottom of this page.

    A description of the CDC influenza surveillance system, including methodology and detailed descriptions of each data component is available on the surveillance methods page.1

    Additional information on the current and previous influenza seasons for each surveillance component are available on FluView Interactive.

    Key Points

    • Seasonal influenza activity remains elevated across most of the country.
    • Although some indicators have decreased or remained stable this week compared to last, this could be due to changes in healthcare seeking behavior or reporting during the holidays rather than an indication that influenza activity has peaked. The country is still experiencing elevated influenza activity and that is expected to continue for several more weeks.
    • During Week 2, of the 1,754 viruses reported by public health laboratories, 1,719 were influenza A and 35 were influenza B. Of the 1,440 influenza A viruses subtyped during Week 2, 621 (43.1%) were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 818 (56.8%) were A(H3N2), and 1 (<0.1%) was A(H5).
    • Outpatient respiratory illness is above baseline nationally for the seventh consecutive week and is above baseline in all 10 HHS regions.
    • One new influenza A(H5) case was reported to CDC this week. To date, human-to-human transmission of influenza A(H5) virus has not been identified in the United States.
    • Eleven pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza virus infection were reported this week, bringing the 2024-2025 season total to 27 pediatric deaths.
    • CDC estimates that there have been at least 12 million illnesses, 160,000 hospitalizations, and 6,600 deaths from flu so far this season.
    • CDC recommends that everyone ages 6 months and older get an annual influenza (flu) vaccine.1
    • There are prescription flu antiviral drugs that can treat flu illness; those should be started as early as possible and are especially important for patients at higher risk for severe illness.2
    • Influenza viruses are among several viruses contributing to respiratory disease activity. CDC is providing updated, integrated information about COVID-19, flu, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity on a weekly basis.

    U.S. virologic surveillance

    Nationally, the percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza virus in clinical laboratories increased (change of ≥ 0.5 percentage points) compared to the previous week. Percent positivity varied by region, with Region 6 the highest (22.5%) and Region 4 the lowest (13.2%). A decrease in percent positivity during this time could be due to changes in healthcare seeking behavior or reporting during the holidays rather than an indication that influenza activity has peaked. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were the predominant viruses reported this week. For regional and state level data and age group distribution, please visit FluView Interactive. Viruses known to be associated with recent receipt of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) or found upon further testing to be a vaccine virus are not included, as they are not circulating influenza viruses.

    Clinical Laboratories

    The results of tests performed by clinical laboratories nationwide are summarized below. Data from clinical laboratories (the percentage of specimens tested that are positive for influenza virus) are used to monitor whether influenza activity is increasing or decreasing.

    Results of tests from Clinical Laboratories
    Week 2 Data Cumulative since
    September 29, 2024
    (Week 40)
    No. of specimens tested 115,267 1,389,448
    No. of positive specimens (%) 21,655 (18.8%) 112,302 (8.1%)
    Positive specimens by type
    Influenza A 21,039 (97.2%) 108,446 (96.6%)
    Influenza B 616 (2.8%) 3,835 (3.4%)

    Public Health Laboratories

    The results of tests performed by public health laboratories nationwide are summarized below. Data from public health laboratories are used to monitor the proportion of circulating influenza viruses that belong to each influenza subtype/lineage.

    Results of tests from Public Health Laboratories
    Week 2
    		 Data Cumulative since
    September 29, 2024
    (Week 40)
    No. of specimens tested 2,707 36,052
    No. of positive specimens 1,754 19,271
    Positive specimens by type/subtype    
             Influenza A 1,719 (98.0%) 18,704 (97.1%)
    Subtyping Performed 1,440 (83.8%) 16,560 (88.5%)
                (H1N1)pdm09 621 (43.1%) 7,513 (45.4%)
                 H3N2 818 (56.8%) 8,969 (54.2%)
                 H3N2v 0 0
                 H5* 1 (<0.1%) 78 (0.4%)
    Subtyping not performed 279 (16.2%) 2,144 (11.5%)
            Influenza B 35 (2.0%) 567 (2.9%)
    Lineage testing performed 16 (45.7%) 300 (52.9%)
                Yamagata lineage 0 0
                Victoria lineage 16 (100.0%) 300 (100.0%)
    Lineage not performed 19 (54.3%) 267 (47.1%)

    *This data reflects specimens tested and the number determined to be positive for influenza viruses at the public health labs (specimens tested is not the same as cases). It does not reflect specimens tested only at CDC and could include more than one specimen tested per person. The guidance for influenza A/H5 testing recommends testing both a conjunctival and respiratory swab for people with conjunctivitis which has resulted in more specimens testing positive for influenza A/H5 than the number of human H5 cases. For more information on the number of people infected with A/H5, please visit the “How CDC is monitoring influenza data among people to better understand the current avian influenza A (H5N1) situation“

    This graph reflects the number of specimens tested and the number determined to be positive for influenza viruses at the public health lab (specimens tested is not the same as cases). It does not reflect specimens tested only at CDC and could include more than one specimen tested per person. Specimens tested as part of routine influenza surveillance as well as those tested as part of targeted testing for people exposed to influenza A(H5) are included.

    Additional virologic surveillance information for current and past seasons:

    Novel Influenza A Virus

    One confirmed human infection with influenza A(H5) virus was reported to CDC this week. To date, human-to-human transmission of influenza A(H5) virus has not been identified in the United States.

    This case was reported by the California Department of Public Health and occurred in a child less than 18 years old with no known contact with influenza A(H5N1) virus-infected animals or humans. The investigation into the source of infection for this case is ongoing, and no human-to-human transmission has been identified.

    A specimen from the individual was tested at a public health laboratory using the CDC influenza A(H5) assay before being sent to CDC for further testing. The specimen was positive for influenza A(H5) virus using diagnostic RT-PCR at CDC. Additional analysis including genetic sequencing is underway. In response to this detection, additional case investigation and contact monitoring are being conducted by public health officials in California.

    There have now been 38 total confirmed human A(H5) cases and one probable human case of A(H5) case in California. This is the second reported pediatric case in California and in the United States.

    Notification to WHO of this case was initiated per International Health Regulations (IHR). More information regarding IHR can be found at http://www.who.int/topics/international_health_regulations/en/.

    The CSTE position statement, which includes updated case definitions for confirmed, probable, and suspected cases is available at http://www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/position_statements_files_2023/24-ID-09_Novel_Influenza_A.pdf

    An up-to-date human case summary during the outbreak by state and exposure source is available at www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html

    Information about avian influenza is available at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/index.htm.

    Interim recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations are available at https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html.

    The latest case reports on avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds, commercial poultry, backyard or hobbyist flocks, and mammals in the United States are available from the USDA at https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian/avian-influenza/2022-hpai.

    Influenza Virus Characterization

    CDC performs genetic and antigenic characterization of U.S. viruses submitted from state and local public health laboratories according to the Right Size Roadmap submission guidance. These data are used to compare how similar the currently circulating influenza viruses are relative to the reference viruses representing the current influenza vaccines. The data are also used to monitor evolutionary changes that continually occur in influenza viruses circulating in humans. CDC also tests susceptibility of circulating influenza viruses to antiviral medications including the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir) and the polymerase acidic protein (PA) endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir. The HA clade and subclades were assigned using Nextclade (https://clades.nextstrain.org).

    CDC has genetically characterized 984 influenza viruses collected since September 29, 2024.

    Influenza Virus Characterization from viruses collected in the U.S. from September 29, 2019
    Virus Subtype or Lineage Genetic Characterization
    Total No. of
    Subtype/Lineage
    Tested    		 HA
    Clade    		 Number (% of
    subtype/lineage
    tested)    		 HA
    Subclade    		 Number (% of
    subtype/lineage
    tested)
    A/H1 377
    5a.2a 216 (57.3%) C.1.9 216 (57.3%)
    5a.2a.1 161 (42.7%) D 12 (3.2%)
    D.1 3 (0.8%)
    D.3 21 (5.6%)
    D.5 125 (33.2%)
    A/H3 530
    2a.3a 5 (0.9%) G.1.3.1 5 (0.9%)
    2a.3a.1 525 (99.1%) J.1 1 (0.2%)
    J.1.1 5 (0.9%)
    J.2 476 (89.8%)
    J.2.1 10 (1.9%)
    J.2.2 33 (6.2%)
    B/Victoria 77
    3a.2 77 (100%) C.3 1 (1.3%)
    C.5 10 (13.0%)
    C.5.1 43 (55.8%)
    C.5.6 11 (14.3%)
    C.5.7 12 (15.6%)
    B/Yamagata 0
    Y3 0 Y3 0

    CDC antigenically characterizes influenza viruses by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay (H1N1pdm09, H3N2, and B/Victoria viruses) or neutralization-based HINT (H3N2 viruses) using antisera that ferrets make after being infected with reference viruses representing the 2024-2025 Northern Hemisphere recommended cell or recombinant-based vaccine viruses. Antigenic differences between viruses are determined by comparing how well the antibodies made against the vaccine reference viruses recognize the circulating viruses that have been grown in cell culture. Ferret antisera are useful because antibodies raised against a particular virus can often recognize small changes in the surface proteins of other viruses. In HI assays, viruses with similar antigenic properties have antibody titer differences of less than or equal to 4-fold when compared to the reference (vaccine) virus. In HINT, viruses with similar antigenic properties have antibody neutralization titer differences of less than or equal to 8-fold. Viruses selected for antigenic characterization are a subset of the recent genetically characterized viruses and are chosen based on the genetic changes in their surface proteins and may not be proportional to the number of such viruses circulating in the United States.

    Influenza A Viruses

    • A (H1N1)pdm09: 51 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were antigenically characterized by HI, and 51 (100%) were well-recognized (reacting at titers that were within 4-fold of the homologous virus titer) by ferret antisera to cell-grown A/Wisconsin/67/2022-like reference viruses representing the A(H1N1)pdm09 component for the cell- and recombinant-based influenza vaccines.
    • A (H3N2): 63 A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically characterized by HI or HINT, and 25 (39.7%) were well-recognized (reacting at titers that were within 4-fold of the homologous virus titer in HI or reacting at titers that were less than or equal to 8-fold of the homologous virus in HINT) by ferret antisera to cell-grown A/Massachusetts/18/2022-like reference viruses representing the A(H3N2) component or the cell- and recombinant-based influenza vaccines.

    Influenza B Viruses

    • B/Victoria: 9 influenza B/Victoria-lineage virus were antigenically characterized by HI, and all were well-recognized (reacting at titers that were within 4-fold of the homologous virus titer) by ferret antisera to cell-grown B/Austria/1359417/2021-like reference viruses representing the B/Victoria component for the cell- and recombinant-based influenza vaccines.
    • B/Yamagata: No influenza B/Yamagata-lineage viruses were available for antigenic characterization.

    Assessment of Virus Susceptibility to Antiviral Medications

    CDC assesses susceptibility of influenza viruses to the antiviral medications including the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir) and the PA endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir using next generation sequence analysis supplemented by laboratory assays. Information about antiviral susceptibility test methods can be found at U.S. Influenza Surveillance: Purpose and Methods | CDC.

    Viruses collected in the U.S. since September 29, 2024, were tested for antiviral susceptibility as follows:

    Viruses collected in the U.S. tested for antiviral susceptibility
    Antiviral Medication Total Viruses A/H1 A/H3 B/Victoria
    Neuraminidase Inhibitors Oseltamivir Viruses Tested 977 384 522 71
    Reduced Inhibition 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.3%) 0 0
    Highly Reduced Inhibition 0 0 0 0
    Peramivir Viruses Tested 977 384 522 71
    Reduced Inhibition 0 0 0 0
    Highly Reduced Inhibition 0 0 0 0
    Zanamivir Viruses Tested 977 384 522 71
    Reduced Inhibition 0 0 0 0
    Highly Reduced Inhibition 0 0 0 0
    PA Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor Baloxavir Viruses Tested 877 304 511 62
    Decreased Susceptibility 0 0 0 0

    One A(H1N1)pdm09 virus had NA-I223V and NA-S247N amino acid substitutions and showed reduced inhibition by oseltamivir.

    High levels of resistance to the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) persist among influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H3N2) viruses (the adamantanes are not effective against influenza B viruses). Therefore, use of these antivirals for treatment and prevention of influenza A virus infection is not recommended and data from adamantane resistance testing are not presented.

    Outpatient and Emergency Department Illness Surveillance

    Outpatient respiratory illness visits

    The U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) monitors outpatient visits for respiratory illness referred to as influenza-like illness [ILI (fever plus cough or sore throat)], not laboratory-confirmed influenza, and will therefore capture respiratory illness visits due to infection with any pathogen that can present with similar symptoms, including influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV. It is important to evaluate syndromic surveillance data, including that from ILINet, in the context of other sources of surveillance data to obtain a complete and accurate picture of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and other respiratory virus activity.

    Nationally, during Week 2, 5.4% of patient visits reported through ILINet were due to respiratory illness that included fever plus a cough or sore throat, also referred to as ILI. This week’s percentage decreased (change of > 0.1 percentage points) compared to Week 1 but remains above the national baseline of 3.0% for the seventh consecutive week. The percentage of visits for ILI remained stable in Region 2 (change of ≤ 0.1 percentage points) and decreased in all other regions (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) this week compared to last. All regions are above their respective baselines and ILI activity remains elevated across the country. The decreases the past two weeks could be due to changes in healthcare seeking behavior or reporting during the holidays rather than an indication that influenza activity has peaked. Multiple respiratory viruses are co-circulating, and the relative contribution of influenza virus infections to ILI varies by location.

    Outpatient respiratory illness visits by age group

    About 70% of ILINet participants provide both the number of patient visits for respiratory illness and the total number of patient visits for the week broken out by age group. Based on these data, the percentage of visits for respiratory illness decreased (change of > 0.1 percentage point) in all age groups (0-4 years, 5-24 years, 25-49 years, 50-64 years, and 65+ years) in Week 2 compared to Week 1.

    Outpatient respiratory illness activity map

    Data collected in ILINet are used to produce a measure of ILI activity* by state/jurisdiction and Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA). The state of Vermont is working with CDC to ensure that appropriate data are being used to calculate the state’s activity level. Vermont’s activity level will be reported again after the issue is resolved.

    ILI Activity by State/Jurisdiction and Core Based Statistical Area
    Activity Level Number of Jurisdictions Number of CBSAs
    Week 2
    (Week ending
    Jan. 11, 2025)    		 Week 1
    (Week ending
    Jan. 4, 2025)    		 Week 2
    (Week ending
    Jan. 11, 2025)    		 Week 1
    (Week ending
    Jan. 4, 2025)
    Very High 10 20 38 71
    High 25 23 139 191
    Moderate 10 5 138 135
    Low 6 3 188 169
    Minimal 3 3 197 140
    Insufficient Data 1 1 229 223

    *Data collected in ILINet may disproportionally represent certain populations within a jurisdiction or CBSA, and therefore, may not accurately depict the full picture of influenza activity for the entire jurisdiction or CBSA. Differences in the data presented here by CDC and independently by some health departments likely represent differing levels of data completeness with data presented by the health department likely being the more complete.

    Additional information about medically attended visits for ILI for current and past seasons:

    National Syndromic Surveillance System (NSSP)

    The overall percentage of emergency department (ED) visits with a discharge diagnosis of influenza reported in NSSP was 4.2% during Week 2. This is a decrease (change of > 0.1 percentage point) compared to the previous week. The percentage also decreased in week 2 compared to the previous week in all 10 HHS regions and among the 0-4, 18-64, and 65+ years age groups. The percentage remained stable (change of ≤ 0.1 percentage point) among the 5-17 years age group. The decreases this week compared to last week could be due to changes in healthcare seeking or reporting during the holidays rather than an indication that influenza activity has peaked.

    Hospitalization surveillance

    FluSurv-Net

    The Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations in select counties in 14 states and represents approximately 9% of the U.S. population. FluSurv-NET hospitalization data are preliminary. As data are received each week, prior case counts and rates are updated accordingly.

    A total of 9,987 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported by FluSurv-NET sites between October 1, 2024, and January 11, 2025. The weekly hospitalization rate observed during Week 2 was 6.0 per 100,000 population. The weekly hospitalization rate observed during Week 1 (9.6 per 100,000 population) is the second highest peak weekly rate observed, following the 2017-2018 season, across all seasons since 2010-2011. The cumulative hospitalization rate observed in Week 2 was 32.6 per 100,000 population.

    Among all hospitalizations, 9,707 (97.2%) were associated with influenza A virus, 221 (2.2%) with influenza B virus, 14 (0.1%) with influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-infection, and 45 (0.5%) with influenza virus for which the type was not determined. Among those with influenza A subtype information, 1,021 (47.7%) were A(H1N1) pdm09 and 1,119 (52.2%) were A(H3N2). When examining rates by age, the highest cumulative hospitalization rate per 100,000 population was among adults aged 65 years and older (98.3), followed by adults aged 50-64 years (36.5), children aged 0-4 years (29.8), adults aged 18-49 (15.3), and children aged 5-17 (9.8).

    When examining age-adjusted rates by race and ethnicity, the highest cumulative hospitalization rate per 100,000 population was among non-Hispanic Black persons (49.6), followed by American Indian/Alaska Native persons (44.2), Hispanic persons (31.2), non-Hispanic White persons (25.8), and Asian/Pacific Islander persons (21.8).

    **In this figure, weekly rates for all seasons prior to the 2023-2024 season reflect end-of-season rates. For the 2023-2024 season, rates for recent hospital admissions are subject to reporting delays and are shown as a dashed line for the current season. As hospitalization data are received each week, prior case counts and rates are updated accordingly.

    Additional FluSurv-NET hospitalization surveillance information for current and past seasons and additional age groups:

    National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Hospital Respiratory Data

    Hospitals report to NHSN the weekly number of patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza who were admitted to the hospital. Nationally, during Week 2, 31,379 laboratory confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported. This is a decrease (change of > 5%) compared to Week 1.

    The weekly hospital admission rate observed in Week 2 was 9.3 per 100,000. The weekly rate of hospital admissions in all 10 HHS regions ranged from 6.9 (Region 6) to 15.7 (Region 2). The weekly rate of hospitalizations decreased in all 10 HHS regions. The decrease this week compared to last week could be due to changes in healthcare seeking or reporting during the holidays rather than an indication that influenza activity has peaked.

    When examining rates by age for week 2, all age groups decreased this week (change of >5%) compared to the previous week. The highest hospital admission rate per 100,000 population was among those 75+ years (40.4), followed by 65-to-74-year age group (17.6), and 50-to-64-year age group (10.1).

    NHSN week 2

    NHSN week 2

    Additional NHSN Hospitalization Surveillance information:

    Mortality surveillance

    National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)

    Based on NCHS mortality surveillance data available on January 16, 2025, 1.5% of the deaths that occurred during the week ending January 11, 2025 (Week 2), were due to influenza. This percentage increased (> 0.1 percentage point change) compared to Week 1. The data presented are preliminary and may change as more data are received and processed.

    Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality

    Eleven influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurring during the 2024-2025 season were reported to CDC during Week 2. The deaths occurred during weeks 51 and 52 of 2024 and during weeks 1 and 2 of 2025 (the weeks ending December 21 and December 28 of 2024 and January 4 and January 11 of 2025). All 11 deaths were associated with influenza A viruses. Six of the influenza A viruses had subtyping performed; three were A(H1N1) viruses, and three were A(H3N2) viruses.

    A total of 27 influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurring during the 2024-2025 season have been reported to CDC.

    Additional National and International Influenza Surveillance Information

    Indicators Status by System

    Increasing: Increasing
    Decreasing: Decreasing
    Stable: Stable

    Clinical Labs: Up or down arrows indicate a change of greater than or equal to 0.5 percentage points in the percent of specimens positive for influenza compared to the previous week.
    Outpatient Respiratory Illness (ILINet): Up or down arrows indicate a change of greater than 0.1 percentage points in the percent of visits due to respiratory illness (ILI) compared to the previous week.
    NHSN Hospitalizations: Up or down arrows indicate change of greater than or equal to 5% of the number of patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza compared to the previous week.
    NCHS Mortality: Up or down arrows indicate change of greater than 0.1 percentage points of the percent of deaths due to influenza compared to the previous week.

    Additional surveillance information

    FluView Interactive: FluView includes enhanced web-based interactive applications that can provide dynamic visuals of the influenza data collected and analyzed by CDC. These FluView Interactive applications allow people to create customized, visual interpretations of influenza data, as well as make comparisons across flu seasons, regions, age groups and a variety of other demographics.

    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Monthly surveillance data on the prevalence of health-related workplace absenteeism among full-time workers in the United States are available from NIOSH.

    U.S. State and local influenza surveillance: Select a jurisdiction below to access the latest local influenza information.

    World Health Organization:
    Additional influenza surveillance information from participating WHO member nations is available through FluNet and the Global Epidemiology Reports.

    WHO Collaborating Centers for Influenza:
    Australia, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (CDC in Atlanta, Georgia)

    Europe:
    The most up-to-date influenza information from Europe is available from WHO/Europe and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

    Public Health Agency of Canada:
    The most up-to-date influenza information from Canada is available in Canada’s weekly FluWatch report.

    Public Health England:
    The most up-to-date influenza information from the United Kingdom is available from Public Health England.

    Any links provided to non-Federal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization web pages found at these links.

    A description of the CDC influenza surveillance system, including methodology and detailed descriptions of each data component is available on the surveillance methods page.



    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released the Weekly US Influenza Surveillance Report for Week 2, ending January 11, 2025. Here are some key updates from this week’s FluView report:

    1. Influenza Activity: Influenza activity remains high across the United States, with widespread activity reported in most states. The predominant strain continues to be influenza A(H3N2), although influenza B viruses are also circulating.

    2. Flu-Related Hospitalizations: The rate of flu-related hospitalizations has increased slightly compared to the previous week. Adults aged 65 and older continue to have the highest rate of hospitalization, followed by children under the age of 5.

    3. Deaths: There have been a total of 87 pediatric deaths reported so far this flu season. In addition, flu-related deaths among adults have also been reported, particularly among those with underlying health conditions.

    4. Vaccine Effectiveness: The CDC continues to recommend flu vaccination as the best way to prevent influenza and its complications. This season’s flu vaccine has been well-matched to circulating strains, providing good protection against the flu.

    5. Antiviral Treatment: Antiviral medications are recommended for the treatment of flu in people who are at high risk of complications or who are severely ill. Early treatment with antivirals can help reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms.

    For more detailed information and updates on influenza activity in the US, be sure to check out the full Weekly US Influenza Surveillance Report on the CDC website. Stay healthy and take precautions to protect yourself and others from the flu! #FluView #FightTheFlu

    Tags:

    1. US Influenza Surveillance Report
    2. Week 2 Influenza Updates
    3. January 11, 2025 FluView
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    7. Influenza Activity Report
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  • Avian influenza outbreak in Georgia halts sale of poultry, forces quarantine


    article

    A file photo of a chicken flock.

    ATLANTA – The first case of avian flu in a commercial poultry operation has been found, according to the Georgia Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 

    The case has forced officials to suspend all in-state poultry exhibitions, shows, swaps, meets, and sales until further notice.

    Bird flu found in Georgia poultry

    What we know:

    On Wednesday, a poultry producer in Elbert County noticed signs of avian flu in their flock. Samples were gathered the following morning and taken to the Georgia Poultry Laboratory Network (GPLN) for testing, resulting in a positive for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). 

    On Friday, USDA’s National Veterinary Services Laboratory also confirmed a positive test result. 

    The Georgia Department of Agriculture’s Emergency Management and State Agricultural Response Teams (SART) were deployed to the site to “conduct depopulation, cleaning and disinfecting, and disposal operations.” 

    This operation will continue through the weekend. The location has about 45,000 broiler breeders onsite.

    Quarantine after avian flu discovered

    What we don’t know:

    Agriculture officials are not sure if the virus has migrated to other flocks. To help fight this, they have set up a 6.2-mile radius quarantine with intense surveillance testing planned for the next two weeks. 

    It is not immediately known when the ban on poultry exhibitions, shows, swaps, and sales (flea market or auction market) will be lifted. Officials say that is dependent on testing and notification will be sent out.

    What is Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza?

    The backstory:

    Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), commonly known as bird flu, is a severe and highly contagious viral disease affecting bird populations worldwide. Caused by influenza A viruses, HPAI poses a significant threat to both domestic poultry and wild birds, with potential implications for public health.

    HPAI is characterized by its rapid spread and high mortality rate among infected birds, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The virus primarily affects domestic poultry such as chickens, turkeys, and ducks, but can also infect wild birds, which often act as carriers without showing symptoms.

    Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected birds, their droppings, or contaminated surfaces, equipment, and clothing. Symptoms in birds include sudden death, lethargy, decreased egg production, swelling of the head, comb, and wattles, respiratory distress, and diarrhea.

    While HPAI primarily affects avian species, certain strains have the potential to infect humans, particularly those in close contact with infected birds. Although human infections are rare, they can result in severe respiratory illness, raising public health concerns.

    Efforts to control HPAI outbreaks focus on culling infected and exposed birds, implementing stringent biosecurity measures, and restricting the movement of poultry and poultry products. In some cases, vaccination is employed as a preventive measure.

    The impact of HPAI outbreaks extends beyond agriculture, affecting trade and public health. Early detection and rapid response are crucial in managing the disease and mitigating its effects on the poultry industry and human populations.

    First case of bird flu in commercial poultry in Georgia

    What they’re saying:

    “For the first time since the ongoing, nationwide outbreak began in 2022, HPAI has been confirmed in a commercial poultry operation in the state of Georgia,” said Georgia Agriculture Commissioner Tyler Harper. “This is a serious threat to Georgia’s #1 industry and the livelihoods of thousands of Georgians who make their living in our state’s poultry industry. We are working around the clock to mitigate any further spread of the disease and ensure that normal poultry activities in Georgia can resume as quickly as possible.”

    How do you catch bird flu?

    What you can do:

    Officials are asking anyone with chickens to consider moving their flock inside and separate from other animals. 

    They also advise farmers to follow the best biosecurity practices and continue to monitor their flock. 

    Owners should keep an eye out for birds that become quiet, stop eating or drinking, have discolored combs and feet, or die suddenly with no signs of disease. 

    Sick birds should be reported immediately to the Georgia Avian Influenza hotline at 770-766-6850 or at gapoultrylab.org/avian-influenza-hotline. 

    Anyone who sees dead birds in unusually high numbers in a single location should contact the Georgia Department of Natural Resources at 1-800-366-2661 or report online at https://georgiawildlife.com/report-dead-birds.

    The Source: The information in this article is from a joint press release from the Georgia Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

    HealthPets and AnimalsNewsFood and DrinkGeorgia



    In a recent development, an avian influenza outbreak in Georgia has led to the halt of poultry sales and the implementation of quarantine measures in affected areas.

    The outbreak, which has been confirmed in several poultry farms across the state, has prompted authorities to take swift action to prevent the spread of the virus. As a result, the sale of poultry products has been temporarily suspended, and quarantine measures have been put in place to contain the outbreak.

    Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a highly contagious viral disease that can affect birds as well as humans. The virus can spread rapidly among poultry flocks, leading to high mortality rates and significant economic losses for farmers.

    In light of the outbreak, authorities are urging poultry farmers and residents to remain vigilant and report any signs of illness or unusual deaths in birds. They are also advising individuals to avoid contact with sick or dead birds and to practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of the virus.

    The situation is being closely monitored by health officials, and efforts are underway to contain the outbreak and prevent further spread. In the meantime, consumers are advised to refrain from purchasing poultry products from affected areas and to follow any guidelines issued by authorities to protect themselves and their families.

    As the situation continues to develop, it is important for residents to stay informed and take necessary precautions to prevent the spread of avian influenza. By working together, we can help contain the outbreak and protect the health and well-being of our communities.

    Tags:

    avian influenza outbreak, Georgia, poultry sale, quarantine, bird flu, poultry industry, emergency measures, disease control, poultry health crisis, agriculture impact, avian flu prevention, Georgia poultry industry, quarantine measures, bird flu outbreak

    #Avian #influenza #outbreak #Georgia #halts #sale #poultry #forces #quarantine

  • Bill Clinton Hospitalized With Flu, Influenza A Surges Throughout U.S.

    Bill Clinton Hospitalized With Flu, Influenza A Surges Throughout U.S.


    Former U.S. President Bill Clinton’s experience this week was a reminder of two things about the flu. First of all, it’s now clearly flu season in the U.S. Secondly, the flu can cause some serious problems, potentially life-threatening problems. Therefore, thirdly, it’s important to take flu prevention seriously. OK, three things.

    Bill Clinton Was Treated At A Hospital For The Flu

    Mistaking the flu for a common cold can be like mistaking a lion for a house cat. The 78-year-old Clinton was admitted to MedStar Georgetown University Hospital on Monday after developing a fever. He was discharged the next day after receiving treatment and being observed. His deputy chief of staff Angel Ureña issued a statement saying the following about the 42nd President, “He and his family are deeply grateful for the exceptional care provided by the team at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital.”

    Clinton’s age, being over 65 years of age, does put him at higher risk for worst outcomes from the flu. The same is true for younger children, people with a chronic medical condition and anyone else who may have a weaker immune system. But just because you are young and have the immune system equivalent of that Jack Reacher character doesn’t mean that influenza badness including death can’t happen to you. As long as you have lungs and breathe air, you face at least some degree of risk. Plus, even if you don’t end up getting so sick that you need to be hospitalized, you aren’t likely to say that you simply flew by with the flu. an influenza infection.

    Flu Numbers Have Been Rising

    Clinton has certainly not been alone in getting the flu and landing in the hospital recently. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the current flu season has already resulted in at least 1.9 million people getting sick and 23,000 getting hospitalized. The death tally for the season to date is 970. These numbers certainly aren’t anywhere close to heart of the COVID-19 pandemic numbers. But they aren’t anything to sneeze at either.

    Moreover, these numbers should increase significantly in the coming weeks as well. The CDC Weekly US Influenza Surveillance Report showed that 9% of the reported flu test results came back as positive during the week ending on December 14, 2024, which was Week 50 of 2024. That’s up from 5% in the prior week. This means that the current surge in cases will likely peak sometime in January before decreasing. That won’t necessarily mean the worst will be over after that. Flu seasons in the past have had more than one peak when in the

    Two Influenza A Subtypes Have Been Driving This Flu Surge

    The primary drivers behind this flu surge seems to be two influenza A subtypes. During Week 50 of this year, testing by public health laboratories in different parts of the U.S. found 842 cases caused by influenza A viruses and 29 by influenza B viruses. They subtyped 593 of the influenza A viruses, finding that 274 or 46.2% of them were were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 317 or 53.5% were A(H3N2), and 2 or 0.3% were A(H5).

    Now, just because you experience flu-like symptoms doesn’t mean necessarily that you have the flu. Only testing will be able tell you whether you have the flu versus a potpouri of other respiratory viruses can cause symptoms resembling the flu including the respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and human metapneumovirus.

    Only testing will be able to determine for sure whether it’s COVID-19 instead. COVID-19 symptoms can be similar to the flu, although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sort of like the reality show contestant of respiratory viruses. The symptoms that SARS-CoV-2 can cause are less predictable and span a broader range of possibilities. While flu symptoms tend to emerge suddenly about 48 hours after exposure and immediately get worse before peaking and then improving, COVID-19 symptoms can bounce around in all sorts of patterns. Plus, there isn’t something called long flu that’s comparable to long COVID.

    How To Protect Yourself Against The Flu

    The best way to prevent bad outcomes from the flu is to, drum roll please, not get the flu in the first place. It really helps to get vaccinated against the flu. It’s still not too late to get the flu vaccine as it takes about two weeks for the vaccine’s protection to fully kick in and the flu season typically lasts until at least the Spring and in some cases as far as May.

    Washing those grubby paws you call your hands helps a lot too. I’ve written previously for Forbes about how bad many people are at washing their hands. Remember to wash your hands frequently and thoroughly. The following illustration shows how to do this properly:

    Lather up your hands for at least 20 seconds, which is about as long as it takes to sing from the start of the song “I Touch Myself” through the first chorus.

    And that six-foot warning that you heard so often at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 still holds for the flu. Respiratory droplets that contain flu viruses tend to be bigger than those containing SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, gravity keep the stuff cougher or sneezed out by someone infected with influenza viruses from traveling more than a Ryan Gosling-distance or whoever your favorite six-footer may be.

    If you do get the flu, taking an antiviral like Tamiflu or Relenza may help reduce the severity and duration of your symptoms but only if you take it soon enough. Such antivirals keep the virus from replicating in your respiratory tract. But the biggest amount of replication occurs within the first 48 hours after the initial exposure to the virus.

    Finally, don’t listen to those folks claiming that the flu is not big deal, that it’s no worse than the common cold. People may listen to claims that go against scientific evidence but viruses won’t.



    Former President Bill Clinton has been hospitalized with the flu, as cases of Influenza A continue to surge throughout the United States. Clinton, 75, was admitted to the hospital earlier this week after experiencing severe flu symptoms.

    Influenza A, also known as the seasonal flu, has been spreading rapidly across the country, with many states reporting higher than usual numbers of cases. Health officials are urging the public to take precautions, such as getting vaccinated and practicing good hygiene, to prevent the spread of the virus.

    Clinton’s hospitalization serves as a reminder of the seriousness of the flu and the importance of taking steps to protect oneself and others. Our thoughts are with him and his family during this time, and we wish him a speedy recovery. Stay safe and stay healthy, everyone.

    Tags:

    • Bill Clinton hospitalized
    • Flu
    • Influenza A
    • U.S. flu outbreak
    • Bill Clinton health news
    • Flu season
    • Influenza symptoms
    • Bill Clinton illness
    • U.S. health crisis

    #Bill #Clinton #Hospitalized #Flu #Influenza #Surges #U.S

  • Genetic Sequences of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Identified in a Person in Louisiana | Bird Flu

    Genetic Sequences of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Identified in a Person in Louisiana | Bird Flu


    Background

    This is a technical summary of an analysis of the genomic sequences of the viruses identified in two upper respiratory tract specimens from the patient who was severely ill from an infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in Louisiana. The patient was infected with A(H5N1) virus of the D1.1 genotype virus that is closely related to other D1.1 viruses recently detected in wild birds and poultry in the United States and in recent human cases in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State. This avian influenza A(H5N1) virus genotype is different from the B3.13 genotype spreading widely and causing outbreaks in dairy cows, poultry, and other animals, with sporadic human cases in the United States. Deep sequencing of the genetic sequences from two clinical specimens from the patient in Louisiana was performed to look for changes associated with adaptation to mammals. There were some low frequency changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene segment of one of the specimens that are rare in people but have been reported in previous cases of A(H5N1) in other countries and most often during severe infections. One of the changes found was also identified in a specimen collected from the human case with severe illness detected in British Columbia, Canada, suggesting they emerged during the clinical course as the virus replicated in the patient. Analysis of the N1 neuraminidase (NA), matrix (M) and polymerase acid (PA) genes from the specimens showed no changes associated with known or suspected markers of reduced susceptibility to antiviral drugs.

    CDC Update

    December 26, 2024 – CDC has sequenced the HPAI A(H5N1) avian influenza viruses in two respiratory specimens collected from the patient in Louisiana who was severely ill from an A(H5N1) virus infection. CDC received two specimens collected at the same time from the patient while they were hospitalized for severe respiratory illness: a nasopharyngeal (NP) and combined NP/oropharyngeal (OP) swab specimens. Initial attempts to sequence the virus from the patient’s clinical respiratory specimens using standard RNA extraction and multisegment-RTPCR (M-RTPCR)1 techniques yielded only partial genomic data and virus isolation was not successful. Nucleic acid enrichment was needed to sequence complete genomes with sufficient coverage depth to meet quality thresholds. CDC compared the influenza gene segments from each specimen with A(H5N1) virus sequences from dairy cows, wild birds, poultry and other human cases in the U.S. and Canada. The genomes of the virus (A/Louisiana/12/2024) from each clinical specimen are publicly posted in GISAID (EPI_ISL_19634827 and EPI_ISL_19634828) and GenBank (PQ809549-PQ809564).

    Summary of amino acid mixtures identified in the hemagglutinin (HA) of clinical specimens from the patient.

    Overall, the hemagglutinin (HA) sequences from the two clinical specimens were closely related to HA sequences detected in other D1.1 genotype viruses, including viruses sequenced from samples collected in November and December 2024 in wild birds and poultry in Louisiana. The HA genes of these viruses also were closely related to the A/Ezo red fox/Hokkaido/1/2022 candidate vaccine virus (CVV) with 2 or 3 amino acid changes detected. These viruses have, on average, 3 or 4 amino acid changes in the HA when compared directly to the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 CVV sequence. These data indicate the viruses detected in respiratory specimens from this patient are closely related to existing HPAI A(H5N1) CVVs that are already available to manufacturers, and which could be used to make vaccines if needed.

    There were some differences detected between the NP/OP and the NP specimens. Despite the very close similarity of the D1.1 sequences from the Louisiana human case to bird viruses, deep sequence analysis of the HA gene segment from the combined NP/OP sample detected low frequency mixed nucleotides corresponding to notable amino acid residues (using mature HA sequence numbering):

    • A134A/V [Alanine 88%, Valine 12%];
    • N182N/K [Asparagine 65%, Lysine 35%]; and
    • E186E/D [Glutamic acid 92%, Aspartic Acid 8%].

    The NP specimen, notably, did not have these low frequency changes indicating they may have been detected from swabbing the oropharyngeal cavity of the patient. While these low frequency changes are rare in humans, they have been reported in previous cases of A(H5N1) in other countries and most often during severe disease2345. The E186E/D mixture, for example, was also identified in a specimen collected from the severe human case detected in British Columbia, Canada67.

    This summary analysis focuses on mixed nucleotide detections at residues A134V, N182K, E186D as these changes may result in increased virus binding to α2-6 cell receptors found in the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is important to note that these changes represent a small proportion of the total virus population identified in the sample analyzed (i.e., the virus still maintains a majority of ‘avian’ amino acids at the residues associated with receptor binding). The changes observed were likely generated by replication of this virus in the patient with advanced disease rather than primarily transmitted at the time of infection. Comparison of influenza A(H5) sequence data from viruses identified in wild birds and poultry in Louisiana, including poultry identified on the property of the patient, and other regions of the United States did not identify these changes. Of note, virus sequences from poultry sampled on the patient’s property were nearly identical to the virus sequences from the patient but did not have the mixed nucleotides identified in the patient’s clinical sample, strongly suggesting that the changes emerged during infection as virus replicated in the patient. Although concerning, and a reminder that A(H5N1) viruses can develop changes during the clinical course of a human infection, these changes would be more concerning if found in animal hosts or in early stages of infection (e.g., within a few days of symptom onset) when these changes might be more likely to facilitate spread to close contacts. Notably, in this case, no transmission from the patient in Louisiana to other persons has been identified. The Louisiana Department of Public Health and CDC are collaborating to generate additional sequence data from sequential patient specimens to facilitate further genetic and virologic analysis.

    Additional genomic analysis

    The genetic sequences of the A(H5N1) viruses from the patient in Louisiana did not have the PB2 E627K change or other changes in polymerase genes associated with adaptation to mammals and no evidence of low frequency changes at critical positions. And, like other D1.1 genotype viruses found in birds, the sequences lack PB2 M631L, which is associated with viral adaptation to mammalian hosts, and which has been detected in >99% of dairy cow sequences but is only sporadically found in birds. Analysis of the N1 neuraminidase (NA), matrix (M) and polymerase acid (PA) genes from the specimens showed no changes associated with known or suspected markers of reduced susceptibility to antiviral drugs. The remainder of the genetic sequences of A/Louisiana/12/2024 were closely related to sequences detected in wild bird and poultry D1.1 genotype viruses, including poultry identified on the property of the patient, providing further evidence that the human case was most likely infected following exposure to birds infected with D1.1 genotype virus.

    Follow Up Actions

    Overall, CDC considers the risk to the general public associated with the ongoing U.S. HPAI A(H5N1) outbreak has not changed and remains low. The detection of a severe human case with genetic changes in a clinical specimen underscores the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance in people and animals, containment of avian influenza A(H5) outbreaks in dairy cattle and poultry, and prevention measures among people with exposure to infected animals or environments.



    Recently, genetic sequences of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) viruses have been identified in a person in Louisiana. This discovery has raised concerns about the potential for bird flu to spread to humans.

    The H5N1 virus is known to primarily infect birds, particularly poultry. However, there have been cases of transmission to humans in the past, leading to severe illness and even death. The genetic sequencing of the virus found in the individual in Louisiana suggests that this strain may have the potential to spread to humans more easily.

    Health officials are closely monitoring the situation and taking steps to prevent further spread of the virus. It is important for people to take precautions, such as avoiding contact with sick birds and practicing good hygiene, to reduce the risk of contracting the virus.

    This discovery highlights the ongoing threat of avian influenza and the importance of continued surveillance and research to better understand and control the spread of these viruses. Stay informed and stay safe. #BirdFlu #H5N1 #AvianInfluenza #Louisiana #GeneticSequences

    Tags:

    1. Avian Influenza A(H5N1) genetic sequences
    2. Bird Flu outbreak in Louisiana
    3. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus
    4. Louisiana bird flu infection
    5. Genetic analysis of H5N1 viruses
    6. Avian flu transmission in humans
    7. Louisiana bird flu outbreak
    8. H5N1 virus in Louisiana
    9. Human infection with bird flu virus
    10. Avian Influenza A(H5N1) genetic identification

    #Genetic #Sequences #Highly #Pathogenic #Avian #Influenza #AH5N1 #Viruses #Identified #Person #Louisiana #Bird #Flu

  • The Orphan Collector: A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic

    The Orphan Collector: A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic


    Price: $17.95 – $8.87
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    From the Publisher

    A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869 A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869

    A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869 A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869

    A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869 A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869

    A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869 A Heroic Novel of Survival During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Ellen Marie Wiseman 9781496715869

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    Customer Reviews

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    $9.49$9.49 $9.59$9.59 $8.76$8.76 $9.19$9.19 $10.29$10.29

    A Heartbreaking Novel of Survival Based on True History A Haunting and Heartbreaking Story of 1920s Historical Fiction A Moving and Emotional Saga of Family and Resilient Women An Emotional and Heartbreaking Novel of WW2 Germany and the Holocaust A Powerful and Unforgettable Story of 20th Century Injustice

    Publisher ‏ : ‎ Kensington (August 4, 2020)
    Language ‏ : ‎ English
    Paperback ‏ : ‎ 400 pages
    ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1496715861
    ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1496715869
    Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
    Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 1.1 x 8.23 inches

    Customers say

    Customers find the story compelling and heart-wrenching. They describe the book as an engaging read with well-developed characters and a believable plotline. Readers appreciate the eye-opening information about the devastating and disturbing time of the flu pandemic. The pacing is described as well-crafted and the story unfolds slowly. Many find Pia’s strength and courage inspiring. However, opinions vary on the writing quality.

    AI-generated from the text of customer reviews


    In the midst of the 1918 influenza pandemic, a gripping tale of survival and resilience unfolds in “The Orphan Collector.” Follow the journey of a courageous protagonist as they navigate the chaos and devastation brought on by the deadly virus, facing unimaginable challenges and heart-wrenching losses along the way.

    This heroic novel shines a light on the untold stories of those who fought for survival in the face of insurmountable odds, showcasing the strength and resilience of the human spirit in the midst of a global crisis. Join our protagonist as they embark on a harrowing journey of self-discovery, sacrifice, and ultimately, hope in the face of adversity.

    “The Orphan Collector” is a captivating and poignant tale that will stay with you long after you turn the final page. It is a testament to the power of the human spirit and the enduring legacy of those who faced unimaginable challenges with courage and resilience. Don’t miss out on this unforgettable story of survival during one of the darkest periods in history.
    #Orphan #Collector #Heroic #Survival #Influenza #Pandemic

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