What it is: The Leo P dwarf galaxy
Where it is: 5.3 million light-years away in the constellation Leo
When it was shared: Jan. 16, 2025
Why it’s so special: Large galaxies like our own Milky Way come from small “seed” galaxies, which grow, collide and merge over time, with each interaction causing more stars to form as gas and dust mix together. However, some of the original seed galaxies still exist in the universe, having remained unchanged for billions of years and containing few chemical elements besides hydrogen and helium.
One such galaxy is an irregular dwarf galaxy called Leo P (the “P” stands for “pristine”), which is far enough away from the Local Group of galaxies — the cluster of large galaxies including the Milky Way and Andromeda — to remain unaffected by their influence.
Related: 25 gorgeous nebula photos that capture the beauty of the universe
Leo P is similar to the primordial galaxies of the early universe, so astronomers can learn a lot about early cosmic history by studying it. Although first discovered in 2013, new data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed that Leo P is unexpectedly forming new stars.
That’s a big surprise to astronomers because small, isolated galaxies like Leo P were thought to have switched off their star-forming factories when the universe was about a billion years old, during a cosmic era known as “the Epoch of Reionization.” It followed the cosmic dark ages, which refers to a period during the early universe when the dense fog of neutral hydrogen gas blocked light. When the first stars formed then exploded as supernovas, they spread energetic ultraviolet light capable of ionizing hydrogen atoms, or splitting them back into electrons and protons, according to NASA.
See for yourself
We reckon the Celestron NexStar 8SE is the best motorized telescope out there for zooming in on galaxies like Leo P, as it’s great for astrophotography, and offers stunning, detailed imagery. For a more detailed look, you can check out our Celestron NexStar 8SE review.
Using JWST’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) to determine the brightness and colors of thousands of stars within the dwarf galaxy, researchers found that Leo P formed stars early on in the universe but stopped doing so shortly after the Epoch of Reionization. That was expected. However, the researchers also discovered that the galaxy reignited after a few billion years and started forming new stars again. Astronomers have gathered similar measurements for three other isolated galaxies, but found that star production ceased within all of them and never resumed, so it’s unclear why Leo P reignited.
JWST will now study four other isolated dwarf galaxies to find more clues about how star formation has changed over time.
The James Webb Space Telescope has once again left scientists in awe with its latest discovery – a stunning image of an ancient galaxy roaring back to life.
The image, captured by the highly-anticipated telescope, shows a galaxy that was thought to be dormant suddenly springing back to life with a burst of new star formation. This unexpected phenomenon has left researchers scrambling to understand how such a dramatic event could occur.
The galaxy, located billions of light-years away, is believed to have been dormant for millions of years before suddenly reigniting with a flurry of new activity. Scientists are now racing to study this galaxy in more detail, hoping to uncover the secrets behind its remarkable rebirth.
The James Webb Space Telescope, set to launch later this year, promises to revolutionize our understanding of the universe with its unparalleled capabilities. This latest image is just a taste of the incredible discoveries that await us as this groundbreaking telescope begins its mission of exploration.
Stay tuned for more breathtaking images and groundbreaking discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope as it continues to push the boundaries of our understanding of the cosmos.
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- Space photo
- James Webb telescope
- Ancient galaxy
- Roaring back to life
- Astronomical discovery
- NASA telescope
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